The Quick-Write as a Critical Thinking Tool

by
Jack Farrell
Thousand Oaks H.S.

            I have been using the quick-write in my English classes for the past several years, ever since I attended the SCWriP Summer Institute in 1989. I have also utilized certain writing project techniques with the quick-write, such as the partner share, an oral exchange of readings between writing partners, followed by the class share, where certain members of the class volunteer to read their pieces to the entire class. We try very hard to support each other's discourse and so the class responds to these oral readings with a round of applause and I enter some extra credit points in the grade book, a reward for reading first-draft writing aloud to an audience. I think the quick-write is the most effective writing technique I use in class. First of all, it teaches the student to write on demand and under pressure, an indispensable life skill and certainly an academic talent highly prized in college. It builds confidence in the writer and it also teaches writing as a tool of thinking. There are ideas you can formulate with pen and paper that could never be conjured by brainstorming alone.

            The quick-write, approximately 10 minutes in length and collected in a composition book, occurs two to three times a week all year long and generally explores the reading from the previous night. On Wednesdays, during the Fall semester, the students quick-write to quotes on a topic for the week.

            Class almost always begins with a brief period of sustained silent reading, generally self-chosen books from lists I have collected over the years, some from recommendations made by former students and others from Advanced Placement reading lists. The quick-write generally follows. I am pleased if I can get three students to read out for the entire class and I ask that each student read out at least once per quarter. Quote days generally produce the most readings. The reading for the night of Nov. 3rd was the short story "Rape Fantasies" by Margaret Atwood. Students are assigned an author to profile for the class and a student named Tom introduced Margaret Atwood on the 3rd to prepare the class for the night's reading. Tom read from a chronicle he had photocopied out of a library reference book, highlighting significant milestones in her life and career. For instance, she was born in
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on Nov. 18, 1939. She attended Victoria College at the University of Toronto from 1957-61. She did graduate study at Radcliffe college, Harvard University. In 1964-65 she taught literature and composition at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver and published the poetry sequence "The Circle Game." In 1972-73 she was the writer in residence at the University of Toronto. Her most famous work is The Handmaid's Tale which was made into a feature film in 1990. Tom concluded with the statement: "Tonight's story 'Rape Fantasies' was published in 1977 and depicts a circle of working women who, during lunch break, discuss their rape fantasies."

            On the following day, Nov. 4th, after our period of SSR, I prompted the students to quick-write in the following way: "A number of my students from previous years have disliked this story and I think part of the reason may be an inability to connect to the author's tone. How would you describe Atwood's attitude toward her subject? Given that, what kind of point was she trying to make? Or anything else you would like to share about this story."

            I always write right along with my students and read my own piece at the end of the class share. I think it's important for the writing teacher to model the writing process. I've long ago given up on the notion that mine must be the best piece, full of wondrous insight and cleverly phrased. Like any writer, my output is not consistent and some days I write pieces I am proud of and other days quite the opposite. It is healthy to share all these pieces with the class. To do so encourages them to be more open with their writing. It lets them see you as a human being involved in the same struggle as they, and not just as an authority figure organizing tasks for them to carry out. I truly relish the writing of the students which surpasses my own understanding of the story. As a teacher of Advanced Placement English I have been blessed over the years by the considerable presence of quite a few brilliant thinkers and earnest writers.

            When the quick-write was finished I had the class do their partner share where they read their pieces orally to each other. My room has two-person tables and this greatly facilitates the forming of writing partnerships and writing groups. It is relatively easy to move the tables together and form small and medium-sized groups. If anyone is absent, or if we have an odd number in the class, I usually fill in and share with the student sitting alone. On this particular day, as I recall, everyone was there.

            Before I introduce the student writing it might be helpful to summarize Atwood's story which is told by a female narrator named Estelle. It covers 7 pages in our textbook, Literature an Introduction to Reading and Writing, edited by Edgar v. Roberts. Her tone emerges in the opening paragraph:

            The way they're going on about it in the magazines you'd think it was just invented, and not only that but it's something terrific, like a vaccine for cancer. They put it in capital letters on the front cover, and inside they have these questionnaires like the ones they used to have about whether you were a good enough wife or an endomorph or an ectomorph, remember that? with the scoring upside down on page 73, and then these numbered do-it-yourself dealies, you know? RAPE, TEN THINGS TO DO ABOUT IT, like it was ten new hairdos or something. I mean, what's so new about it?

            Estelle proceeds to the lunch room where the women are playing bridge. She says you can't even get any rest because Chrissie closes up her magazine and says, "'How about it girls, do you have rape fantasies?' Darlene passed but the damage was done. Sondra's head went round like it was on ball bearings and she said,'What fantasies?'

            "'Rape fantasies,' Chrissie said. 'It says here all women have rape fantasies,'" to which the narrator responds, "'For Chrissakes, I'm eating an egg sandwich,' I said, and I bid one club and Darlene passed.'"

            A conversation about rape scenarios and caveats about traveling out alone at night precede a discussion of fantasies involving rape.

            Greta describes a fantasy where a man drops onto her balcony from a rope and hook and describes how he travels all over the outside of the building that way, committing rapes. "Just like Tarzan," Estelle dead pans.

            Chrissie follows with a description of a bathtub scene and by the time she's finished the narrator says, "Those aren't rape fantasies. I mean you aren't getting raped. It's just some guy you haven't met formally and you have a good time. Rape is when they've got a knife or something and you don't want to."

            But the fantasies the narrator proceeds to share are just as absurd. One attacker she wishes to fend off with a plastic lemon in her purse actually assists her by twisting off the top of her lemon and handing it back to her. She squirts him in the eye. Chrissie and Darlene are incredulous.

            Estelle confesses: "Look. I always feel so sorry for him. In my rape fantasies, I always end up feeling sorry for the guy. I was the kind of girl who buried dead robins, know what I mean."

            She shared a few more of her ludicrous fantasies. In one she and her rapist both have a bad cold. In another she's a Kung Fu expert. The narrator concludes, "The funny thing about these fantasies is that the man is always someone I don't know and the statistics in the magazines, well, most of them anyway, they say it's often someone you do know, at least a little bit, like your boss or something."

            Here's the final paragraph of the story:

            Anyway, another thing about it is that there's a lot of conversation, in fact I spend most of my time, in the fantasy that is, wondering what I'm going to say and what he's going to say. I think it would be better if you could get a conversation going. Like, how could a fellow do that to a person he's just had a long conversation with, once you let them know you're human, you have a life too, I don't see how they could go ahead with it, right? I mean, I know it happens but I just don't understand it, that's the part I really don't understand.

            The students had approximately ten minutes to write on this story without benefit of the text in front of them as I have them leave the book at home during the 1st quarter while they're reading short stories nightly from it.

            Then we did the partner share, which is something to observe. Approximately 16 students are reading aloud simultaneously, but their partners seem able to screen out the competing readings and easily focus in on their partner's.

            I then asked for the class share and numerous hands went up. I always enjoy the day when there is a high participation in readings. The first student I called on was Jon. This was his response:

            I enjoyed the odd humor in the reading: it made light of a vicious crime. The group of ladies surprised me, sitting around the bridge table talking about their 'rape fantasies.' I found this situation unrealistic in a number of ways. First off, the act of being raped would be a traumatic ordeal, just like any other situation where one's life was in danger. I realized that these ladies' fantasies did not include the thought of a knife in the side, or a gunshot to the head. In fact, they were nothing more than a bunch of weird sexual fantasies, coupled with wishful thinking. One of the scenes that I remembered to be especially implausible, was the rope climbing rapist that descended from the roof to a balcony where he proceeded to 'make an entrance,' do his business and rappel down to the next balcony. Or, perhaps the scene where the rapist with the flu came in the window, and ended up being too winded to do the deed, so he ended up watching Letterman with his sick new friend.
            I believe that the author intended the reader to get a little flustered with the way these characters handled this controversial subject. She might have been trying to show that there are many false precepts about rape.

            I awarded Jon 5 extra credit points (the maximum) for his oral reading and moved on to Kristin who read:

            I thought Rape Fantasies was a funny story. The title caught my attention immediately, and I was surprised to find out that the title meant exactly what the story revolved around. It's funny how Atwood describes a small circle of women on their lunch break, gossiping about a rare subject for lunch discussion . . . rape. To me, most of the women seemed to want a cloaked, masked man to drop in their window, sweep them off their feet, so to speak, and then leave, never to be dealt with again. Part of me thinks, why would that have to do with rape in the negative sense of the word if the women are enjoying it so much? The narrator's rape fantasies, however, were more like the desire for power against men. In each scenario the narrator presented, the rapist was depicted as flawed or weak, and she presented herself as quick-thinking and dominant. In fact, the rape part was just part of the substructure of the fantasy. Why didn't she just call them power-trip fantasies? I see how males probably wouldn't enjoy this story and how women would like and relate to it. The narrator seems more powerful than the other women, who read fashion magazines and take the quizzes for fun. These women probably are lacking excitement in their lives and by gossiping around a table about their fantasies, it gives them something to do. This I found very funny. The narrator seemed more down to earth and was presented differently from the other women. If you took this story seriously, I think you missed the point. The tone is humorous and feministic, and revolves around power and weakness more than rape itself.

            Kristin also got 5 points and then I called on Michael, who read:

            First of all, I think these women need to get boyfriends, get married, or, if one of those is already true, find some way to freshen their relationships. I think it's sad that women that age would sit around and have fantasies about big buff men coming in their windows. I think the narrator was right that it's not really rape if the woman wants the man to do it. I actually liked the narrator's fantasies better. They seemed more realistic in a way, threatened, scared out of their wits. I also like that she did not end up getting with the man in the fantasies, so to speak. I thought the last comment was interesting. It seemed to say that if the people got to know each other as humans with minds and emotions, rather than as simply objects for sex, rape would seem unthinkable. I still feel the story was rather bizarre and that these women need to seriously get a life. Maybe getting just a little real love in their life would make these kinky fantasies go away.

            Mike got 4 points and then Lyndsey read hers:

            The tone of this story is sarcastic from the beginning. The title is an oxymoron, for how can the horrors of rape be part of a fantasy? The narrator then introduces us to a group of fatuous and gossipy female office workers, who fill their free time with discussions of their rape fantasies. The narrator jokes about their fantasies; however, no one found her comments funny. She later contemplates her own rape fantasies, none of which actually involve rape, but merely its threat. She scoffs at men by talking them out of the violence they attempt to impose. In all of her fantasies, she is never submissive to the man, exposing her feminist point of view.
            Many readers take the passage literally, and do not realize that she is often sarcastic about the subject matter, even if it is rape. Most of her situations that she fantasizes about are humorous. For example, she plans a situation where she pokes the eyes out of a man, causing permanent damage. She concludes that she could not do that, for she would feel responsible for someone's blindness and misery, not recalling that he was going to attempt to rape her.
            She also fantasizes about telling the rapist that she has leukemia, only to find that the rapist does too, and they end up spending the rest of their days together. That is her romantic scenario.
            Once readers recognize the tone of the story, then they can come to enjoy its humor. It scoffs at feeble men and the nonsensical chatter of women.

            I was very impressed with Lyndsey's insight into the story and her over-all production in just ten minutes of writing. She was awarded the 5 extra-credit points. Next, Elise shared hers:

            Rape is the ultimate loss of control for women. I felt it difficult to relate to the narrator, presumably Atwood, of "Rape Fantasies." She takes a nonchalant approach that, even if joking is her defense mechanism against such a fear, is unforgivable in light of such a serious matter. Rape is a crime and should not happen. Instead of coming up with ways to deal when the event actually should take place, she should be devising ways to not let it happen and how to stop it if it does. Her fantasies do not include much in the way of dread, almost as if she has accepted that it will , if fact, happen to her, which I believe is dangerous in terms of her future. Another aspect of this same concept is that she is either unaware, or ignoring the fact, that rape has nothing in common with a sexual fantasy one might have. It is a violent act.
            Why anyone would have fantasies about such a crime and have them be comical and not come out filled with anger is beyond me. Though Atwood is portraying sarcasm and a feeling of power through her fantasies, the situation is actually the ultimate loss of power and control.

            I gave Elise 4 points and then called on Remy:

            I did not enjoy "Rape Fantasies." I found the subject rather bizarre, actually. It was no doubt written by a feminist writer. Her tone was confident and often times sarcastic. But I don't believe women need to find strength in their sexuality by fantasizing about rape.
            In the story the narrator reflected back on a girl who had leukemia in the fourth grade and received lots of flowers from her classmates. As a child, the narrator had wished she had leukemia too so she could get lots of flowers as well. Now looking back, the narrator felt so silly for thinking that. Often times children wish for things because of their ignorant interpretation of situations.
            I think the women are being foolish in this case, too. They want to be raped? Are they crazy? Okay, maybe a fantasy about being whisked off their feet by some mystery man, but a rapist? Do they realize that rape often ends in death? Do they think that they will be heroes if they survive the rape? I can think of so many other things that can bring heroic satisfaction. But rape? And what about diseases and pregnancy? I think these women are getting a little carried away. Maybe they are so desperate for sex, they feel so undesirable that they think the only man that would possibly have sex with them is some crazed lunatic sex offender. So let me get this straight. For women to be powerful, we need to be victimized and taken advantage of? Why don't they fantasize about going out and raping some weak guy? Now that would show domination and power. The women is this story are so pathetic it's demeaning to our gender.

            I awarded Remy 5 points for that spirited response. Another female student wanted to read next:

Rape is an issue about which I feel very strongly. Sexual crimes are extremely destructive to the mental state of the victim. The destructiveness of these offenses is apparent in the symptoms; self-hatred, shame, denial. Because of denial these symptoms often take form in odd ways. Until the terrible truth is accounted for a warped sense of self and interaction with others continues.
            The mere title, "Rape Fantasies" gives me a shiver down my spine. I cannot comprehend fantasizing about something so detrimental to a healthy self-image. That is why I was uncomfortable and oddly intrigued by the light manner in which such a heavy subject was dealt. I was angry at the narrator's quirky fantasies involving lemon juice and pimples. It was shocking and ironically refreshing the way she flipped an issue like rape into a light conversation piece over bridge and coffee. However, experience with actual rape does not, I am certain, lead to fantasies about it. I can only wonder why anyone would fantasize about being violated in the worst way.

            I awarded this student 5 points and then called on Kami, whose response could not have differed more in tone:

            I hope I don't come across as a total weirdo when I say that "Rape Fantasies" is my favorite story thus far. I particularly enjoyed the writer's style. She was a very funny lady who found humor in everything. She had an almost "dry" sense of humor, and continually made comments to the reader in that manner.
            The way she made a terrible topic like rape into such a light and comical subject amazes me. This woman definitely sees the world in a different light than most. I think it very cool that she wrote a story about a circle of women at lunch hour, fantasizing about rape. I found it funny when Estelle made the comment about the downfall of being raped in a bathtub is you would get bubbles up your nose. She was obviously kidding, yet the women were shocked. As if their talking about being raped in a bathtub was O.K., but the bubble comment was not.
            I also enjoyed her manifestations of other rape incidents. Atwood has quite an imagination and style. I admire her for her uniqueness.

            I also gave Kami 5 points and moved finally to Tom, who was the student who had researched Margaret Atwood and presented her biography to the class the day before. Tom wrote:

            I most definitely feel that this story is worthless. I'm very surprised that she wasn't abused or something as a child. First of all, how could anybody write a piece called "Rape Fantasies," and secondly how could it come from her, a feminist writer? I felt she dealt with the subject in a very poor manner, not taking it for what it is. If you want to have sex with a stranger, then it isn't rape. Rape is forced sex against the person's will. They never screamed or said no in the story. But instead they tried to reason with the supposed rapist. I forget exactly what Estelle said at the end, but it was something to the fact that if you could reason with the person and they still raped you they would have to be pretty messed up. No s--t!! Does she think that normal people just go around raping innocent victims? Rape is a very vile and selfish act. I can't comprehend how Margaret Atwood, a feminist writer, could be so stupid in writing this story. It almost seems that she has no concept of what rape really is.

            Whew! Tom got 4 points. And then I read mine, as I always do:

            I find this story comical and intentionally so and conjecture that Atwood was trying for two results when she conceived the story. First and foremost, she was satirizing women's magazines and their sensational rounds of stories, the disease of the week, crisis of the month approach of tabloid journalism. What's hot now and what will sell magazines. In our time it's the number story: "The Sixteen Ways to Kiss Better"; "The Five Things Men are After in Bed"; "The Six Ways You Can Know What's on a Woman's Mind"; "Five Steps to a Perfect Make-over." In the 70's it was rape fantasies and Atwood was burlesquing the magazine industry's treatment of a very serious subject. The second reason I think she wrote the story was to bury a serious question inside the comedy. At the end of the story, the Holden Caulfield-like narrator says that what she doesn't understand is how someone, once they get to know you, could proceed with such an act of violence upon you: "Like how could a fellow do that to a person he's just had a long conversation with, once you let them know you're human, you have a life too, I don't see how they could go ahead with it, right?"
            This question divides the world into two distinct groups. Group 1 possesses a conscience and emotions like empathy and a sense of right and wrong. Group 2, albeit a small one, is sociopathic and narcissistic and can only mimic emotions like pity. They can kill without remorse, and right and wrong is nothing more than an arcane theory--it's not a way of life. Group 1, the victims, will never understand Group 2, the rapists.

            I had the distinct advantage of having the text right in front of me and so took the liberty of quoting directly from the last paragraph of the story. I was amazed at how much story detail the class retained from a single reading of a story for homework the night before. I was genuinely impressed with the level of discourse of the students who shared in open class that day. From start to finish this exercise normally takes 20 minutes or less of class time. On a hot-topic day, which may produce more than a half-dozen readings, this could stretch to 25 minutes or so. It seems still a manageable portion of a 55 minute period when you examine the academic benefits. In a language arts class we have the opportunity to include writing as a critical thinking skill and can require students to write before discussion. Often classroom discussion begins prematurely and goes nowhere. The teacher, more often than not, ends up asking and answering his own questions. Students who examine the subject first in a quick-write are seldom at a loss for words to discuss the subject. The added benefit is the student gaining self-confidence as a writer, the abnegation of anything resembling a writer's block and a newfound fluency. If the ideas expressed in the class share do not conform to the interpretation in the teacher's guide, or to the teacher's own sense of what the author intended, then so much the better. The diversity of opinion, even one's emanating from left field, makes the classroom come alive.

            Within a day or so I decided to collect copies of the quick-writes for a possible article. It took a few days for all the students to get around to doing this. When I examined the quick-write from the one unnamed female student above, it was decidedly different. What she wrote did disturb me and raised the specter in my mind of the efficacy of this particular assignment. I reproduce it here:

            Rape is an issue about which I feel very strongly. My family has had to deal with several issues concerning sexual abuse. My great-grandfather is a pedaphile and has abused many of my family members for prolonged periods of time. I was raped when I was 14, not by him, but by someone else. I am just about to go for counseling. My mother had to be in therapy for 10 years to deal with her 11 years of abuse.
            "Rape Fantasies" is appalling. I would rather not be reminded how idiotic and insensitive society is. Obviously Atwood is not experienced at all with this issue and should not address it. Rape is something that I could never fantasize about. I cry about rape. Rape has caused so many problems in my own life and my family. Please do not attempt to understand the feelings involved if you have never been abused sexually. The pain inflicted and the feelings of self-hatred to be dealt with are impossible to describe. In certain ways I hate myself. I realize this is unjustified, and through therapy and God's help this will be overcome. Please don't analyze or judge.
            Mr. Farrell. I suggest you omit this reading in future years. As you sit there and assign a reading like "Rape Fantasies" you don't know how many people are cringing at the mention of the word. Sexual abuse is like a plague in my family affecting all of us. Please do not be so insensitive. No matter what Atwood was attempting in this short story I still see it as offensive and disturbing.

            It would be possible to dismiss this comment using the line of reasoning that virtually any thought-provoking story on a controversial subject has the potential of offending a minority segment of any large group. To omit all such stories on the oft-chance that some student night find it disturbing would be to gut the curriculum altogether and to deprive great numbers of students access to the world's great literature. But that seems too glib a response. There is something about this subject, not necessarily this story, which makes it particularly risky in an era when child abuse, especially of a sexual nature, weighs heavily on the collective consciousness. I'm going to have to think long and hard before assigning this story again to high school students.

© Jack Farrell, Conejo Valley Unified School District, 2005